Documentation Style Guide

This document defines the standards for GitLab documentation, including grammar, formatting, word use, and more.

For style questions, mention @tw-style in an issue or merge request. If you have access to the GitLab Slack workspace, use the #docs-processes channel.

In addition to this page, the following resources can help you craft and contribute to documentation:

• Doc contribution guidelines
• A-Z word list
• Doc style and consistency testing
• UI text guidelines
• GitLab Handbook style guidelines
• Microsoft Style Guide
• Google Developer Documentation Style Guide
• Recent updates to this guide

Documentation is the single source of truth (SSOT)

The GitLab documentation is the SSOT for all information related to GitLab implementation, usage, and troubleshooting. It evolves continuously, in keeping with new products and features, and with improvements for clarity, accuracy, and completeness.

This policy prevents information silos, making it easier to find information about GitLab products.

It also informs decisions about the kinds of content we include in our documentation.

The documentation includes all information

Include problem-solving actions that may address rare cases or be considered risky, but provide proper context through fully detailed warnings and caveats. This kind of content should be included as it could be helpful to others and, when properly explained, its benefits outweigh the risks. If you think you have found an exception to this rule, contact the Technical Writing team.

GitLab adds all troubleshooting information to the documentation, no matter how unlikely a user is to encounter a situation.

GitLab Support maintains their own troubleshooting content in the GitLab documentation.

The documentation includes all media types

Include any media types/sources if the content is relevant to readers. You can freely include or link presentations, diagrams, and videos. No matter who it was originally composed for, if it is helpful to any of our audiences, we can include it.

• If you use an image that has a separate source file (for example, a vector or diagram format), link the image to the source file so that anyone can update or reuse it.
• Do not copy and paste content from other sources unless it is a limited quotation with the source cited. Typically it is better to either rephrase relevant information in your own words or link out to the other source.

Topic types

In the software industry, it is a best practice to organize documentation in different types. For example:

• Concepts
• Tasks
• Reference
• Troubleshooting

At GitLab, we have not traditionally used topic types. However, we are starting to move in this direction, so we can address these issues:

• Content is hard to find. Our docs are comprehensive and include a large amount of useful information. Topic types create repeatable patterns that make our content easier to scan and parse.
• Content is often written from the contributor's point of view. Our docs are written by contributors. Topic types (tasks specifically) help put information into a format that is geared toward helping others, rather than documenting how a feature was implemented.

GitLab uses these topic type templates.

Link instead of repeating text

Rather than repeating information from another topic, link to the single source of truth and explain why it is important.

Docs-first methodology

We employ a documentation-first methodology. This method ensures the documentation remains a complete and trusted resource, and makes communicating about the use of GitLab more efficient.

• If the answer to a question exists in documentation, share the link to the documentation instead of rephrasing the information.
• When you encounter new information not available in GitLab documentation (for example, when working on a support case or testing a feature), your first step should be to create a merge request (MR) to add this information to the documentation. You can then share the MR to communicate this information.

New information that would be useful toward the future usage or troubleshooting of GitLab should not be written directly in a forum or other messaging system, but added to a documentation MR and then referenced, as described above.

The more we reflexively add information to the documentation, the more the documentation helps others efficiently accomplish tasks and solve problems.

If you have questions when considering, authoring, or editing documentation, ask the Technical Writing team. They're available on Slack in #docs or in GitLab by mentioning the writer for the applicable DevOps stage or group. Otherwise, forge ahead with your best effort. It does not need to be perfect; the team is happy to review and improve upon your content. Review the Documentation guidelines before you begin your first documentation MR.

Maintaining a knowledge base separate from the documentation would be against the documentation-first methodology, because the content would overlap with the documentation.

Markdown

All GitLab documentation is written using Markdown.

The documentation website uses GitLab Kramdown, a "flavored" Kramdown engine to render pages from Markdown to HTML. The use of Kramdown's features is limited by our linters, so, use regular Markdown and follow the rules in the linked style guide. You can't use Kramdown-specific markup (for example, {:.class}).

HTML in Markdown

Hard-coded HTML is valid, although it's discouraged from being used. HTML is permitted if:

• There's no equivalent markup in Markdown.
• Advanced tables are necessary.
• Special styling is required.
• Reviewed and approved by a technical writer.

Markdown Rules

GitLab ensures that the Markdown used across all documentation is consistent, as well as easy to review and maintain, by testing documentation changes with markdownlint. This lint test fails when any document has an issue with Markdown formatting that may cause the page to render incorrectly in GitLab. It also fails when a document has non-standard Markdown (which may render correctly, but is not the current standard for GitLab documentation).

Markdown rule MD044/proper-names (capitalization)

A rule that could cause confusion is MD044/proper-names, as it might not be immediately clear what caused markdownlint to fail, or how to correct the failure. This rule checks a list of known words, listed in the .markdownlint.yml file in each project, to verify proper use of capitalization and backticks. Words in backticks are ignored by markdownlint.

In general, product names should follow the exact capitalization of the official names of the products, protocols, and so on.

Some examples fail if incorrect capitalization is used:

• MinIO (needs capital IO)
• NGINX (needs all capitals)
• runit (needs lowercase r)

Additionally, commands, parameters, values, filenames, and so on must be included in backticks. For example:

• "Change the needs keyword in your .gitlab-ci.yml..."
  • needs is a parameter, and .gitlab-ci.yml is a file, so both need backticks. Additionally, .gitlab-ci.yml without backticks fails markdownlint because it does not have capital G or L.
• "Run git clone to clone a Git repository..."
  • git clone is a command, so it must be lowercase, while Git is the product, so it must have a capital G.

Structure

We include concept and task topic types in the same larger topic.

In general, we have one topic that's a landing page. Below that topic in the left nav are individual topics. Each of these include a concept and multiple related tasks, reference, and troubleshooting topics.

Folder structure overview

The documentation is separated by top-level audience folders user, administration, and development (contributing) folders.

Beyond that, we primarily follow the structure of the GitLab user interface or API.

Our goal is to have a clear hierarchical structure with meaningful URLs like docs.gitlab.com/user/project/merge_requests/. With this pattern, you can immediately tell that you are navigating to user-related documentation about Project features; specifically about Merge Requests. Our site's paths match those of our repository, so the clear structure also makes documentation easier to update.

Put files for a specific product area into the related folder:

Work with directories and files

When working with directories and files:

1. When you create a new directory, always start with an index.md file. Don't use another filename and do not create README.md files.
2. Do not use special characters and spaces, or capital letters in file names, directory names, branch names, and anything that generates a path.
3. When creating or renaming a file or directory and it has more than one word in its name, use underscores (_) instead of spaces or dashes. For example, proper naming would be import_project/import_from_github.md. This applies to both image files and Markdown files.
4. For image files, do not exceed 100KB.
5. Do not upload video files to the product repositories. Link or embed videos instead.
6. There are four main directories: user, administration, api, and development.
7. The doc/user/ directory has five main subdirectories: project/, group/, profile/, dashboard/ and admin_area/.
   • doc/user/project/ should contain all project related documentation.
   • doc/user/group/ should contain all group related documentation.
   • doc/user/profile/ should contain all profile related documentation. Every page you would navigate under /profile should have its own document, for example, account.md, applications.md, or emails.md.
   • doc/user/dashboard/ should contain all dashboard related documentation.
   • doc/user/admin_area/ should contain all administrator-related documentation describing what can be achieved by accessing the GitLab administrator interface (not to be confused with doc/administration where server access is required).
     • Every category under /admin/application_settings/ should have its own document located at doc/user/admin_area/settings/. For example, the Visibility and Access Controls category should have a document located at doc/user/admin_area/settings/visibility_and_access_controls.md.
8. The doc/topics/ directory holds topic-related technical content. Create doc/topics/topic_name/subtopic_name/index.md when subtopics become necessary. General user and administrator documentation should be placed accordingly.
9. The /university/ directory is deprecated and the majority of its documentation has been moved.

If you're unsure where to place a document or a content addition, this shouldn't stop you from authoring and contributing. Use your best judgment, and then ask the reviewer of your MR to confirm your decision. You can also ask a technical writer at any stage in the process. The technical writing team reviews all documentation changes, regardless, and can move content if there is a better place for it.

Avoid duplication

Do not include the same information in multiple places. Link to a single source of truth instead.

References across documents

• Give each folder an index.md page that introduces the topic, and both introduces and links to the child pages, including to the index pages of any next-level sub-paths.
• To ensure discoverability, ensure each new or renamed doc is linked from its higher-level index page and other related pages.
• When making reference to other GitLab products and features, link to their respective documentation, at least on first mention.
• When making reference to third-party products or technologies, link out to their external sites, documentation, and resources.

Structure in documents

• Include any and all applicable subsections as described on the structure and template page.
• Structure content in alphabetical order in tables, lists, and so on, unless there's a logical reason not to (for example, when mirroring the user interface or an otherwise ordered sequence).

Language

GitLab documentation should be clear and easy to understand.

• Avoid unnecessary words.
• Be clear, concise, and stick to the goal of the topic.
• Write in US English with US grammar. (Tested in British.yml.)

Capitalization

Headings

Use sentence case. For example:

• # Use variables to configure pipelines
• ## Use the To-Do List

UI text

When referring to specific user interface text, like a button label or menu item, use the same capitalization that's displayed in the user interface. Standards for this content are listed in the Pajamas Design System Content section and typically match what's mentioned in this Documentation Style Guide.

If you think the user interface text contains style mistakes, create an issue or an MR to propose a change to the user interface text.

Feature names

• Feature names are typically lowercase.
• Some features are capitalized, typically nouns that name GitLab-specific capabilities or tools.

See the word list for details.

If the term is not in the word list, ask a GitLab Technical Writer for advice.

Do not match the capitalization of terms or phrases on the Features page or features.yml by default.

Other terms

Capitalize names of:

• GitLab product tiers. For example, GitLab Free and GitLab Ultimate. (Tested in BadgeCapitalization.yml.)
• Third-party organizations, software, and products. For example, Prometheus, Kubernetes, Git, and The Linux Foundation.
• Methods or methodologies. For example, Continuous Integration, Continuous Deployment, Scrum, and Agile.

Follow the capitalization style listed at the authoritative source for the entity, which may use non-standard case styles. For example: GitLab and npm.

Fake user information

You may need to include user information in entries such as a REST call or user profile. Do not use real user information or email addresses in GitLab documentation. For email addresses and names, use:

• Email addresses: Use an email address ending in example.com.
• Names: Use strings like example_username. Alternatively, use diverse or non-gendered names with common surnames, such as Sidney Jones, Zhang Wei, or Alex Garcia.

Fake URLs

When including sample URLs in the documentation, use:

• example.com when the domain name is generic.
• gitlab.example.com when referring only to self-managed GitLab instances. Use gitlab.com for GitLab SaaS instances.

Fake tokens

There may be times where a token is needed to demonstrate an API call using cURL or a variable used in CI. It is strongly advised not to use real tokens in documentation even if the probability of a token being exploited is low.

You can use these fake tokens as examples:

Contractions

Contractions are encouraged, and can create a friendly and informal tone, especially in tutorials, instructional documentation, and user interfaces.

Some contractions, however, should be avoided:

• Do not use the word "GitLab" in a contraction.

• Do not use contractions with a proper noun and a verb. For example:

  Do	Don't
  Canada is establishing X.	Canada's establishing X.

• Do not use contractions when you need to emphasize a negative. For example:

  Do	Don't
  Do not install X with Y.	Don't install X with Y.

• Do not use contractions in reference documentation. For example:

  Do	Don't
  Do not set a limit greater than 1000.	Don't set a limit greater than 1000.
  For parameter1, the default is 10.	For parameter1, the default's 10.

• Avoid contractions in error messages. Examples:

  Do	Don't
  Requests to localhost are not allowed.	Requests to localhost aren't allowed.
  Specified URL cannot be used.	Specified URL can't be used.

Acronyms

If you use an acronym, spell it out on first use on a page. You do not need to spell it out more than once on a page. When possible, try to avoid acronyms in headings.

Text

• Write in Markdown.

• Splitting long lines (preferably up to 100 characters) can make it easier to provide feedback on small chunks of text.

• Insert an empty line for new paragraphs.

• Insert an empty line between different markups (for example, after every paragraph, header, list, and so on). Example:

  ## Header
  
  Paragraph.
  
  - List item 1
  - List item 2

Comments

To embed comments within Markdown, use standard HTML comments that are not rendered when published. Example:

<!-- This is a comment that is not rendered -->

Emphasis

Use bold rather than italic to provide emphasis. GitLab uses a sans-serif font and italic text does not stand out as much as it would in a serif font. For details, see Butterick's Practical Typography guide on bold or italic.

You can use italics when you are introducing a term for the first time. Otherwise, use bold.

• Use double asterisks (**) to mark a word or text in bold (**bold**).
• Use underscore (_) for text in italics (_italic_).
• Use greater than (>) for blockquotes.

Punctuation

Follow these guidelines for punctuation:

Placeholder text

You might want to provide a command or configuration that uses specific values.

In these cases, use < and > to call out where a reader must replace text with their own value.

For example:

cp <your_source_directory> <your_destination_directory>

Keyboard commands

Use the HTML <kbd> tag when referring to keystroke presses. For example:

To stop the command, press <kbd>Control</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd>.

When the docs are generated, the output is:

To stop the command, press Control+C.

Text entered in the UI

If you want the user to type something in the UI, use backticks. For example:

In the **Commit message** box, type `This is my merge request`.

Backticks are more precise than quotes. For example, in this string:

• In the Commit message box, type "This is my merge request."

It's not clear whether the user should include the period in the string.

Spaces between words

Use only standard spaces between words. The search engine for the documentation website doesn't split words separated with non-breaking spaces when indexing, and fails to create expected individual search terms. Tests that search for certain words separated by regular spaces can't find words separated by non-breaking spaces.

Tested in lint-doc.sh.

Lists

• Always start list items with a capital letter, unless they're parameters or commands that are in backticks, or similar.
• Always leave a blank line before and after a list.
• Begin a line with spaces (not tabs) to denote a nested sub-item.

Ordered vs. unordered lists

Only use ordered lists when their items describe a sequence of steps to follow.

Do:

These are the steps to do something:

1. First, do the first step.
1. Then, do the next step.
1. Finally, do the last step.

Don't:

This is a list of available features:

1. Feature 1
1. Feature 2
1. Feature 3

Markup

• Use dashes (-) for unordered lists instead of asterisks (*).
• Prefix 1. to every item in an ordered list. When rendered, the list items display with sequential numbering.

Punctuation

• Don't add commas (,) or semicolons (;) to the ends of list items.

• Only add periods to the end of a list item if the item consists of a complete sentence (with a subject and a verb).

• Be consistent throughout the list: if the majority of the items do not end in a period, do not end any of the items in a period, even if they consist of a complete sentence. The opposite is also valid: if the majority of the items end with a period, end all with a period.

• Separate list items from explanatory text with a colon (:). For example:

  The list is as follows:
  
  - First item: this explains the first item.
  - Second item: this explains the second item.

Examples:

Do:

• First list item
• Second list item
• Third list item

Don't:

• First list item
• Second list item
• Third list item.

Do:

• Let's say this is a complete sentence.
• Let's say this is also a complete sentence.
• Not a complete sentence.

Don't (vary use of periods; majority rules):

• Let's say this is a complete sentence.
• Let's say this is also a complete sentence.
• Not a complete sentence

Nesting inside a list item

It's possible to nest items under a list item, so that they render with the same indentation as the list item. This can be done with:

• Code blocks
• Blockquotes
• Alert boxes
• Images

Items nested in lists should always align with the first character of the list item. In unordered lists (using -), this means two spaces for each level of indentation:

- Unordered list item 1

  A line nested using 2 spaces to align with the `U` above.

- Unordered list item 2

  > A quote block that will nest
  > inside list item 2.

- Unordered list item 3

  ```plaintext
  a code block that nests inside list item 3
  ```

- Unordered list item 4

  ![an image that will nest inside list item 4](image.png)

For ordered lists, use three spaces for each level of indentation:

1. Ordered list item 1

   A line nested using 3 spaces to align with the `O` above.

1. Ordered list item 2

   > A quote block that will nest
   > inside list item 2.

1. Ordered list item 3

   ```plaintext
   a code block that nests inside list item 3
   ```

1. Ordered list item 4

   ![an image that will nest inside list item 4](image.png)

You can nest full lists inside other lists using the same rules as above. If you want to mix types, that's also possible, if you don't mix items at the same level:

1. Ordered list item one.
1. Ordered list item two.
   - Nested unordered list item one.
   - Nested unordered list item two.
1. Ordered list item three.

- Unordered list item one.
- Unordered list item two.
  1. Nested ordered list item one.
  1. Nested ordered list item two.
- Unordered list item three.

Tables

Tables should be used to describe complex information in a straightforward manner. Note that in many cases, an unordered list is sufficient to describe a list of items with a single, simple description per item. But, if you have data that's best described by a matrix, tables are the best choice.

Creation guidelines

To keep tables accessible and scannable, tables should not have any empty cells. If there is no otherwise meaningful value for a cell, consider entering N/A for 'not applicable' or None.

To help tables be easier to maintain, consider adding additional spaces to the column widths to make them consistent. For example:

| App name | Description          | Requirements   |
|:---------|:---------------------|:---------------|
| App 1    | Description text 1.  | Requirements 1 |
| App 2    | Description text 2.  | None           |

Consider installing a plugin or extension in your editor for formatting tables:

• Markdown Table Prettifier for Visual Studio Code
• Markdown Table Formatter for Sublime Text
• Markdown Table Formatter for Atom

Feature tables

When creating tables of lists of features (such the features available to each role on the Permissions page), use these phrases:

Footnotes

To indicate a footnote, use the HTML tag <sup> with a number. Put the tag at the end of the sentence or term.

For the footnotes below the table, use a bold number followed by a sentence.

For example:

| App name | Description                      |
|:---------|:---------------------------------|
| App A    | Description text. <sup>1</sup>   |
| App B    | Description text. <sup>2</sup>   |

1. This is the footnote.
1. This is the other footnote.

This text renders this output:

1. This is the footnote.
2. This is the other footnote.

Quotes

Valid for Markdown content only, not for front matter entries:

• Standard quotes: double quotes ("). Example: "This is wrapped in double quotes".
• Quote inside a quote: double quotes (") wrap single quotes ('). Example: "This sentence 'quotes' something in a quote".

For other punctuation rules, refer to the Pajamas Design System Punctuation section. This is overridden by the documentation-specific punctuation rules.

Headings

• Add only one H1 in each document, by adding # at the beginning of it (when using Markdown). The h1 becomes the document <title>.
• Start with an h2 (##), and respect the order h2 > h3 > h4 > h5 > h6. Never skip the hierarchy level, such as h2 > h4
• Avoid putting numbers in headings. Numbers shift, hence documentation anchor links shift too, which eventually leads to dead links. If you think it is compelling to add numbers in headings, make sure to at least discuss it with someone in the Merge Request.
• Avoid using symbols and special characters in headers. Whenever possible, they should be plain and short text.
• When possible, avoid including words that might change in the future. Changing a heading changes its anchor URL, which affects other linked pages.
• When introducing a new document, be careful for the headings to be grammatically and syntactically correct. Mention an assigned technical writer (TW) for review, based upon the product category. This is to ensure that no document with wrong heading is going live without an audit, thus preventing dead links and redirection issues when corrected.
• Use the context provided by parent section headings. That is, don't repeat the parent heading's text in each subsection's heading.
• Use articles and prepositions in headings where it would make sense in regular text.
• Leave exactly one blank line before and after a heading.
• Do not use links in headings.
• Add the corresponding product badge according to the tier the feature belongs.
• Our documentation site search engine prioritizes words used in headings and subheadings. Make your subheading titles clear, descriptive, and complete to help users find the right example, as shown in the section on heading titles.
• See Capitalization for guidelines on capitalizing headings.

Heading titles

Keep heading titles clear and direct. Make every word count. To accommodate search engine optimization (SEO), use the imperative, where possible.

For guidelines on capitalizing headings, see the section on capitalization.

NOTE: If you change an existing title, be careful. In-page anchor links, links in the GitLab application, and links from external sites can break.

Anchor links

Headings generate anchor links when rendered. ## This is an example generates the anchor #this-is-an-example.

NOTE: Introduced in GitLab 13.4, product badges used in headings aren't included in the generated anchor links. For example, when you link to ## This is an example **(FREE)**, use the anchor #this-is-an-example.

Keep in mind that the GitLab user interface links to many documentation pages and anchor links to take the user to the right spot. When you change a heading, search doc/*, app/views/*, and ee/app/views/* for the old anchor. If you do not fix these links, the ui-docs-lint job in your merge request fails.

Important:

• Avoid crosslinking documentation to headings unless you need to link to a specific section of the document. This avoids breaking anchors in the future in case the heading is changed.
• If possible, avoid changing headings, because they're not only linked internally. There are various links to GitLab documentation on the internet, such as tutorials, presentations, StackOverflow posts, and other sources.
• Do not link to h1 headings.

Note that with Kramdown, it's possible to add a custom ID to an HTML element with Markdown markup, but they don't work in /help. Because of this, don't use this option.

Links

Links are important in GitLab documentation. Use links instead of summarizing to help preserve a single source of truth in GitLab documentation.

We include guidance for links in these categories:

• How to set up anchor links for headings.
• How to set up criteria for configuring a link.
• What to set up when linking to a help page.
• How to set up links to internal documentation for cross-references.
• How to set up links to external documentation for authoritative sources.
• When to use links requiring permissions.
• How to set up a link to a video.
• How to include links with version text.
• How to link to specific lines of code

Basic link criteria

• Use inline link Markdown markup [Text](https://example.com). It's easier to read, review, and maintain. Do not use [Text][identifier] reference-style links.

• Use meaningful anchor text. For example, instead of writing something like Read more about merge requests [here](LINK), write Read more about [merge requests](LINK).

Links to internal documentation

NOTE: Internal refers to documentation in the same project. When linking to documentation in separate projects (for example, linking to Omnibus documentation from GitLab documentation), you must use absolute URLs.

Do not use absolute URLs like https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/index.html to cross-link to other documentation in the same project. Use relative links to the file, like ../index.md. (These are converted to HTML when the site is rendered.)

Relative linking enables crosslinks to work:

• in Review Apps, local previews, and /help.
• when working on the documentation locally, so you can verify that they work as early as possible in the process.
• in the GitLab user interface when browsing doc files in their respective repositories. For example, the links displayed at https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/doc/README.md.

To link to internal documentation:

• Use relative links to Markdown files in the same repository.

• Do not use absolute URLs or URLs from docs.gitlab.com.

• Use ../ to navigate to higher-level directories.

• Don't prepend ./ to links to files or directories. To link to a file in the same directory or one of its sub-directories, use the syntax path/to/file.md.

• Don't link relative to root. For example, /ee/user/gitlab_com/index.md.

  Don't:

  • https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/replication/troubleshooting.html
  • /ee/administration/geo/replication/troubleshooting.md
  • ./troubleshooting.md

  Do: ../../geo/replication/troubleshooting.md

• Always add the filename file.md at the end of the link with the .md extension, not .html.

  Don't:

  • ../../merge_requests/
  • ../../issues/tags.html
  • ../../issues/tags.html#stages

  Do:

  • ../../merge_requests/index.md
  • ../../issues/tags.md
  • ../../issues/tags.md#stages
  • issues/tags.md

NOTE: Using the Markdown extension is necessary for the /help section of GitLab.

Links to external documentation

When describing interactions with external software, it's often helpful to include links to external documentation. When possible, make sure that you're linking to an authoritative source. For example, if you're describing a feature in Microsoft's Active Directory, include a link to official Microsoft documentation.

Authoritative sources

When citing external information, use sources that are written by the people who created the item or product in question. These sources are the most likely to be accurate and remain up to date.

Examples of authoritative sources include:

• Specifications, such as a Request for Comments document from the Internet Engineering Task Force.
• Official documentation for a product. For example, if you're setting up an interface with the Google OAuth 2 authorization server, include a link to Google's documentation.
• Official documentation for a project. For example, if you're citing NodeJS functionality, refer directly to NodeJS documentation.
• Books from an authoritative publisher.

Examples of sources to avoid include:

• Personal blog posts.
• Wikipedia.
• Non-trustworthy articles.
• Discussions on forums such as Stack Overflow.
• Documentation from a company that describes another company's product.

While many of these sources to avoid can help you learn skills and or features, they can become obsolete quickly. Nobody is obliged to maintain any of these sites. Therefore, we should avoid using them as reference literature.

NOTE: Non-authoritative sources are acceptable only if there is no equivalent authoritative source. Even then, focus on non-authoritative sources that are extensively cited or peer-reviewed.

Links requiring permissions

Don't link directly to:

• Confidential issues.
• Project features that require special permissions to view.

These fail for:

• Those without sufficient permissions.
• Automated link checkers.

Instead:

• To reduce confusion, mention in the text that the information is either:
  • Contained in a confidential issue.
  • Requires special permission to a project to view.
• Provide a link in back ticks (`) so that those with access to the issue can navigate to it.

Example:

For more information, see the [confidential issue](../../../user/project/issues/confidential_issues.md) `https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/<issue_number>`.

Link to specific lines of code

When linking to specific lines in a file, link to a commit instead of to the branch. Lines of code change over time. Linking to a line by using the commit link ensures the user lands on the line you're referring to. The Permalink button, displayed when viewing a file in a project, provides a link to the most recent commit of that file.

• Do: [link to line 3](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/11f17c56d8b7f0b752562d78a4298a3a95b5ce66/.gitlab/issue_templates/Feature%20proposal.md#L3)
• Don't: [link to line 3](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/.gitlab/issue_templates/Feature%20proposal.md#L3).

If that linked expression has changed line numbers due to additional commits, you can still search the file for that query. In this case, update the document to ensure it links to the most recent version of the file.

Navigation

When documenting how to navigate through the GitLab UI:

• Always use location, then action.
  • From the Visibility dropdown list (location), select Public (action).
• Be brief and specific. For example:
  • Do: Select Save.
  • Do not: Select Save for the changes to take effect.
• If a step must include a reason, start the step with it. This helps the user scan more quickly.
  • Do: To view the changes, in the merge request, select the link.
  • Do not: Select the link in the merge request to view the changes.

Names for menus

Use these terms when referring to the main GitLab user interface elements:

• Top bar: This is the top bar that spans the width of the user interface. It includes the menu, the GitLab logo, search field, counters, and the user's avatar.
• Left sidebar: This is the navigation sidebar on the left of the user interface, specific to the project or group.
• Right sidebar: This is the navigation sidebar on the right of the user interface, specific to the open issue, merge request, or epic.

Names for UI elements

UI elements, like button and checkbox names, should be bold. Guidance for each individual UI element is in the word list.

How to write navigation task steps

To be consistent, use these templates when you write navigation steps in a task topic.

To open project settings:

1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Projects** and find your project.
1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > CI/CD**.
1. Expand **General pipelines**.

To open group settings:

1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Groups** and find your group.
1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > CI/CD**.
1. Expand **General pipelines**.

To open the Admin Area:

1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.

To select your avatar:

1. On the top bar, in the top right corner, select your avatar.

To save the selection in some dropdown lists:

1. Go to your issue.
1. On the right sidebar, in the **Iteration** section, select **Edit**.
1. From the dropdown list, select the iteration to associate this issue with.
1. Select any area outside the dropdown list.

Optional steps

If a step is optional, start the step with the word Optional followed by a period.

For example:

1. Optional. Enter a description for the job.

Documenting multiple fields at once

If the UI text sufficiently explains the fields in a section, do not include a task step for every field. Instead, summarize multiple fields in a single task step.

Use the phrase Complete the fields.

For example:

1. On the top bar, select Menu > Projects and find your project.
2. On the left sidebar, select Settings > Repository.
3. Expand Push rules.
4. Complete the fields.

If you are documenting multiple fields and only one field needs explanation, do it in the same step:

1. Expand Push rules.
2. Complete the fields. Branch name must be a regular expression.

To describe multiple fields, use bullets:

1. Expand General pipelines.
2. Complete the fields.
   • Branch name must be a regular expression.
   • User must be a user with at least the Maintainer role.

Images

Images, including screenshots, can help a reader better understand a concept. However, they should be used sparingly because:

• They tend to become out-of-date.
• They are difficult and expensive to localize.
• They cannot be read by screen readers.

When needed, use images to help the reader understand:

• Where they are in a complicated process.
• How they should interact with the application.

Capture the image

When you take screenshots:

• Ensure it provides value. Don't use lorem ipsum text. Try to replicate how the feature would be used in a real-world scenario, and use realistic text.
• Capture only the relevant UI. Don't include unnecessary white space or areas of the UI that don't help illustrate the point. The sidebars in GitLab can change, so don't include them in screenshots unless absolutely necessary.
• Keep it small. If you don't need to show the full width of the screen, don't. Reduce the size of your browser window as much as possible to keep elements close together and reduce empty space. Try to keep the screenshot dimensions as small as possible.
• Review how the image renders on the page. Preview the image locally or use the review app in the merge request. Make sure the image isn't blurry or overwhelming.
• Be consistent. Coordinate screenshots with the other screenshots already on a documentation page for a consistent reading experience.

Add callouts

If you need to emphasize an area in a screenshot, use an arrow.

• For color, use #EE2604. If you use the Preview application on macOS, this is the default red.
• For the line width, use 3 pt. If you use the Preview application on macOS, this is the third line in the list.
• Use the arrow style shown in the following image.
• If you have multiple arrows, make them parallel when possible.

Save the image

• Resize any wide or tall screenshots if needed, but make sure the screenshot is still clear after being resized and compressed.
• All images must be compressed to 100KB or less. In many cases, 25-50KB or less is often possible without reducing image quality.
• Save the image with a lowercase filename that's descriptive of the feature or concept in the image:
  • If the image is of the GitLab interface, append the GitLab version to the filename, based on this format: image_name_vX_Y.png. For example, for a screenshot taken from the pipelines page of GitLab 11.1, a valid name is pipelines_v11_1.png.
  • If you're adding an illustration that doesn't include parts of the user interface, add the release number corresponding to the release the image was added to. For an MR added to 11.1's milestone, a valid name for an illustration is devops_diagram_v11_1.png.
• Place images in a separate directory named img/ in the same directory where the .md document that you're working on is located.
• Consider using PNG images instead of JPEG.
• Compress GIFs with https://ezgif.com/optimize or similar tool.
• Images should be used (only when necessary) to illustrate the description of a process, not to replace it.
• See also how to link and embed videos to illustrate the documentation.

Add the image link to content

The Markdown code for including an image in a document is: ![Image description which will be the alt tag](img/document_image_title_vX_Y.png)

The image description is the alt text for the rendered image on the documentation site. For accessibility and SEO, use descriptions that:

• Are accurate, succinct, and unique.
• Don't use image of or graphic of to describe the image.

Compress images

You should always compress any new images you add to the documentation. One known tool is pngquant, which is cross-platform and open source. Install it by visiting the official website and following the instructions for your OS.

If you use macOS and want all screenshots to be compressed automatically, read One simple trick to make your screenshots 80% smaller.

GitLab has a Ruby script that you can use to simplify the manual process. In the root directory of your local copy of https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab, run in a terminal:

• Before compressing, if you want, check that all documentation PNG images have been compressed:

  bin/pngquant lint

• Compress all documentation PNG images using pngquant:

  bin/pngquant compress

• Compress specific files:

  bin/pngquant compress doc/user/img/award_emoji_select.png doc/user/img/markdown_logo.png

• Compress all PNG files in a specific directory:

  bin/pngquant compress doc/user/img

Videos

Adding GitLab YouTube video tutorials to the documentation is highly encouraged, unless the video is outdated. Videos should not replace documentation, but complement or illustrate it. If content in a video is fundamental to a feature and its key use cases, but isn't adequately covered in the documentation, you should:

• Add this detail to the documentation text.
• Create an issue to review the video and update the page.

Do not upload videos to the product repositories. Link or embed them instead.

Link to video

To link out to a video, include a YouTube icon so that readers can scan the page for videos before reading:

<i class="fa fa-youtube-play youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i>
For an overview, see [Video Title](link-to-video).

You can link any up-to-date video that's useful to the GitLab user.

Embed videos

Introduced in GitLab 12.1.

The GitLab documentation site supports embedded videos.

You can embed videos from the official YouTube account for GitLab only. For videos from other sources, link them instead.

In most cases, link to a video, because embedded videos take up a lot of space on the page and can be distracting to readers.

To embed a video:

1. Copy the code from this procedure and paste it into your Markdown file. Leave a blank line above and below it. Do not edit the code (don't remove or add any spaces).
2. In YouTube, visit the video URL you want to display. Copy the regular URL from your browser (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIDEO-ID) and replace the video title and link in the line under <div class="video-fallback">.
3. In YouTube, select Share, and then select Embed.
4. Copy the <iframe> source (src) URL only (https://www.youtube.com/embed/VIDEO-ID), and paste it, replacing the content of the src field in the iframe tag.

leave a blank line here
<div class="video-fallback">
  See the video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqL6BMOySIQ">Video title</a>.
</div>
<figure class="video-container">
  <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MqL6BMOySIQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true"> </iframe>
</figure>
leave a blank line here

This is how it renders on the GitLab documentation site:

Notes:

• The figure tag is required for semantic SEO and the video_container class is necessary to make sure the video is responsive and displays on different mobile devices.
• The <div class="video-fallback"> is a fallback necessary for /help, because the GitLab Markdown processor doesn't support iframes. It's hidden on the documentation site, but is displayed by /help.

Code blocks

• Always wrap code added to a sentence in inline code blocks (`). For example, .gitlab-ci.yml, git add ., CODEOWNERS, or only: [main]. File names, commands, entries, and anything that refers to code should be added to code blocks. To make things easier for the user, always add a full code block for things that can be useful to copy and paste, as they can do it with the button on code blocks.

• HTTP methods (HTTP POST) and HTTP status codes, both full (404 File Not Found) and abbreviated (404), should be wrapped in inline code blocks when used in sentences. For example: Send a DELETE request to delete the runner. Send a POST request to create one.

• Add a blank line above and below code blocks.

• When providing a shell command and its output, prefix the shell command with $ and leave a blank line between the command and the output.

• When providing a command without output, don't prefix the shell command with $.

• If you need to include triple backticks inside a code block, use four backticks for the code block fences instead of three.

• For regular fenced code blocks, always use a highlighting class corresponding to the language for better readability. Examples:

  ```ruby
  Ruby code
  ```
  
  ```javascript
  JavaScript code
  ```
  
  ```markdown
  [Markdown code example](example.md)
  ```
  
  ```plaintext
  Code or text for which no specific highlighting class is available.
  ```

Syntax highlighting is required for fenced code blocks added to the GitLab documentation. Refer to this table for the most common language classes, or check the complete list of available language classes:

For a complete reference on code blocks, see the Kramdown guide.

GitLab SVG icons

Introduced in GitLab 12.7.

You can use icons from the GitLab SVG library directly in the documentation. For example, **{tanuki}** renders as: {tanuki}.

In most cases, you should avoid using the icons in text. However, you can use an icon when hover text is the only available way to describe a UI element. For example, Delete or Edit buttons often have hover text only.

When you do use an icon, start with the hover text and follow it with the SVG reference in parentheses.

• Avoid: Select **{pencil}** **Edit**. This generates as: Select {pencil} Edit.
• Use instead: Select **Edit** (**{pencil}**). This generates as: Select Edit ({pencil}).

Do not use words to describe the icon:

• Avoid: Select **Erase job log** (the trash icon).
• Use instead: Select **Erase job log** (**{remove}**). This generates as: Select Erase job log ({remove}).

Alert boxes

Use alert boxes to call attention to information. Use them sparingly, and never have an alert box immediately follow another alert box.

Alert boxes are generated when one of these words is followed by a line break:

• FLAG:
• NOTE:
• WARNING:
• INFO: (Marketing only)
• DISCLAIMER:

For example:

NOTE:
This is something to note.

To display an alert box for multiple paragraphs, lists, or headers, use blockquotes instead.

Alert boxes render only on the GitLab documentation site (https://docs.gitlab.com). In the GitLab product help, alert boxes appear as plain text.

Flag

Use this alert type to describe a feature's availability. For information about how to format FLAG alerts, see Document features deployed behind feature flags.

Note

Use notes sparingly. Too many notes can make topics difficult to scan.

Instead of adding a note:

• Re-write the sentence as part of a paragraph.
• Put the information into its own paragraph.
• Put the content under a new subheading.

If you must use a note, use this format:

NOTE:
This is something to note.

It renders on the GitLab documentation site as:

NOTE: This is something to note.

Warning

Use a warning to indicate deprecated features, or to provide a warning about procedures that have the potential for data loss.

WARNING:
This is something to be warned about.

It renders on the GitLab documentation site as:

WARNING: This is something to be warned about.

Info

The Marketing team uses the INFO alert to add information relating to sales and marketing efforts.

The text in an INFO: alert always renders in a floating text box to the right of the text around it. To view the rendered GitLab docs site, check the review app in the MR. You might need to move the text up or down in the surrounding text, depending on where you'd like to floating box to appear.

For example, if your page has text like this:

This is an introductory paragraph. GitLab uses the SSH protocol to securely communicate with Git.
When you use SSH keys to authenticate to the GitLab remote server,
you don't need to supply your username and password each time.

INFO:
Here is some information. This information is an important addition to how you
work with GitLab and you might want to consider it.

And here is another paragraph. GitLab uses the SSH protocol to securely communicate with Git.
When you use SSH keys to authenticate to the GitLab remote server,
you don't need to supply your username and password each time.

And here is another paragraph. GitLab uses the SSH protocol to securely communicate with Git.
When you use SSH keys to authenticate to the GitLab remote server,
you don't need to supply your username and password each time.

It renders on the GitLab documentation site as:

This is an introductory paragraph. GitLab uses the SSH protocol to securely communicate with Git. When you use SSH keys to authenticate to the GitLab remote server, you don't need to supply your username and password each time.

INFO: Here is some information. This information is an important addition to how you work with GitLab and you might want to consider it.

And here is another paragraph. GitLab uses the SSH protocol to securely communicate with Git. When you use SSH keys to authenticate to the GitLab remote server, you don't need to supply your username and password each time.

And here is another paragraph. GitLab uses the SSH protocol to securely communicate with Git. When you use SSH keys to authenticate to the GitLab remote server, you don't need to supply your username and password each time.

Disclaimer

Use to describe future functionality only. For more information, see Legal disclaimer for future features.

Blockquotes

For highlighting a text inside a blockquote, use this format:

> This is a blockquote.

It renders on the GitLab documentation site as:

This is a blockquote.

If the text spans multiple lines, you can split them.

For multiple paragraphs, use the symbol > before every line:

> This is the first paragraph.
>
> This is the second paragraph.
>
> - This is a list item
> - Second item in the list

It renders on the GitLab documentation site as:

This is the first paragraph.

This is the second paragraph.

• This is a list item
• Second item in the list

Terms

To maintain consistency through GitLab documentation, use these styles and terms.

Describe UI elements

Follow these styles when you're describing user interface elements in an application:

• For elements with a visible label, use that label in bold with matching case. For example, Select **Cancel**.
• For elements with a tooltip or hover label, use that label in bold with matching case. For example, Select **Add status emoji**.

GitLab versions

GitLab product documentation pages (not including Contributor and Development pages in the /development directory) can include version information to help users be aware of recent improvements or additions.

The GitLab Technical Writing team determines which versions of documentation to display on this site based on the GitLab Statement of Support.

View older GitLab documentation versions

Older versions of GitLab may no longer have documentation available from docs.gitlab.com. If documentation for your version is no longer available from docs.gitlab.com, you can still view a tagged and released set of documentation for your installed version:

• In the documentation archives.
• At the /help URL of your GitLab instance.
• In the documentation repository based on the respective branch (for example, the 13.2 branch).

Where to put version text

When a feature is added or updated, you can include its version information either as a Version history item or as an inline text reference.

Version text in the Version History

If all content in a section is related, add version text after the header for the section. The version information must:

• Be surrounded by blank lines.
• Start with >. If there are multiple bullets, each line must start with > -.
• The string must include these words in this order (capitalization doesn't matter):
  • introduced, deprecated, changed, moved, recommended (as in the feature flag documentation), removed, or renamed
  • in or to
  • GitLab
• Whenever possible, include a link to the completed issue, merge request, or epic that introduced the feature. An issue is preferred over a merge request, and a merge request is preferred over an epic.
• Do not include information about the tier, unless documenting a tier change (for example, Feature X [moved](issue-link) to Premium in GitLab 19.2).
• Do not link to the pricing page. The tier is provided by the product badge on the heading.

## Feature name

> [Introduced](<link-to-issue>) in GitLab 11.3.

This feature does something.

## Feature name 2

> - [Introduced](<link-to-issue>) in GitLab 11.3.
> - [Enabled by default](<link-to-issue>) in GitLab 11.4.

This feature does something else.

If you're documenting elements of a feature, start with the feature name or a gerund:

> - Notifications for expiring tokens [introduced](<link-to-issue>) in GitLab 11.3.
> - Creating an issue from an issue board [introduced](<link-to-issue>) in GitLab 13.1.

If a feature is moved to another tier:

> - [Moved](<link-to-issue>) from GitLab Ultimate to GitLab Premium in 11.8.
> - [Moved](<link-to-issue>) from GitLab Premium to GitLab Free in 12.0.

If a feature is deprecated, include a link to a replacement (when available):

> - [Deprecated](<link-to-issue>) in GitLab 11.3. Replaced by [meaningful text](<link-to-appropriate-documentation>).

You can also describe the replacement in surrounding text, if available. If the deprecation isn't obvious in existing text, you may want to include a warning:

WARNING:
This feature was [deprecated](link-to-issue) in GitLab 12.3 and replaced by
[Feature name](link-to-feature-documentation).

In the first major GitLab version after the feature was deprecated, be sure to remove information about that deprecated feature.

Inline version text

If you're adding content to an existing topic, you can add version information inline with the existing text.

In this case, add ([introduced/deprecated](<link-to-issue>) in GitLab X.X).

Including the issue link is encouraged, but isn't a requirement. For example:

The voting strategy in GitLab 13.4 and later requires the primary and secondary
voters to agree.

End-of-life for features or products

When a feature or product enters its end-of-life, indicate its status by creating a warning alert directly after its relevant header. If possible, link to its deprecation and removal issues.

For example:

WARNING:
This feature is in its end-of-life process. It is [deprecated](link-to-issue)
for use in GitLab X.X, and is planned for [removal](link-to-issue) in GitLab X.X.

After the feature or product is officially deprecated and removed, remove its information from the GitLab documentation.

Versions in the past or future

When describing functionality available in past or future versions, use:

• Earlier, and not older or before.
• Later, and not newer or after.

For example:

• Available in GitLab 13.1 and earlier.
• Available in GitLab 12.4 and later.
• In GitLab 12.2 and earlier, ...
• In GitLab 11.6 and later, ...

Promising features in future versions

Do not promise to deliver features in a future release. For example, avoid phrases like, "Support for this feature is planned."

We cannot guarantee future feature work, and promises like these can raise legal issues. Instead, say that an issue exists. For example:

• Support for improvements is tracked [in this issue](LINK).
• You cannot do this thing, but [an issue exists](LINK) to change this behavior.

You can say that we plan to remove a feature.

Legal disclaimer for future features

If you must write about features we have not yet delivered, put this exact disclaimer near the content it applies to.

DISCLAIMER:
This page contains information related to upcoming products, features, and functionality.
It is important to note that the information presented is for informational purposes only.
Please do not rely on this information for purchasing or planning purposes.
As with all projects, the items mentioned on this page are subject to change or delay.
The development, release, and timing of any products, features, or functionality remain at the
sole discretion of GitLab Inc.

It renders on the GitLab documentation site as:

DISCLAIMER: This page contains information related to upcoming products, features, and functionality. It is important to note that the information presented is for informational purposes only. Please do not rely on this information for purchasing or planning purposes. As with all projects, the items mentioned on this page are subject to change or delay. The development, release, and timing of any products, features, or functionality remain at the sole discretion of GitLab Inc.

If all of the content on the page is not available, use the disclaimer once at the top of the page.

If the content in a topic is not ready, use the disclaimer in the topic.

Removing versions after each major release

Whenever a major GitLab release occurs, we remove all version references to now-unsupported versions of GitLab. Note that this includes the removal of specific instructions for users of non-supported GitLab versions. For example, if GitLab versions 11.x and later are supported, special instructions for users of GitLab 10 should be removed.

To view historical information about a feature, review GitLab release posts, or search for the issue or merge request where the work was done.

Products and features

Refer to the information in this section when describing products and features in the GitLab product documentation.

Avoid line breaks in names

If a feature or product name contains spaces, don't split the name with a line break. When names change, it is more complicated to search or grep text that has line breaks.

Product tier badges

Tier badges are displayed as orange text next to a heading. These badges link to the GitLab pricing page. For example:

You must assign a tier badge:

• To all H1 topic headings.
• To topic headings that don't apply to the same tier as the H1.

To add a tier badge to a heading, add the relevant tier badge after the heading text. For example:

# Heading title **(FREE)**

Do not add tier badges inline with other text, except for API attributes. The single source of truth for a feature should be the heading where the functionality is described.

Available product tier badges

Topics that mention the gitlab.rb file are referring to self-managed instances of GitLab. To prevent confusion, include the relevant TIER SELF tier badge on the highest applicable heading level on the page.

Specific sections

Certain styles should be applied to specific sections. Styles for specific sections are outlined in this section.

GitLab restart

When a restart or reconfigure of GitLab is required, avoid duplication by linking to doc/administration/restart_gitlab.md with text like this, replacing 'reconfigure' with 'restart' as needed:

Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../../../administration/restart_gitlab.md)
for the changes to take effect.

If the document resides outside of the doc/ directory, use the full path instead of the relative link: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/restart_gitlab.html.

Installation guide

In step 2 of the installation guide, we install Ruby from source. To update the guide for a new Ruby version:

• Change the version throughout the code block.
• Replace the sha256sum. It's available on the downloads page of the Ruby website.

Configuration documentation for source and Omnibus installations

GitLab supports two installation methods: installations from source, and Omnibus packages. Possible configuration settings include:

• Settings that touch configuration files in config/.
• NGINX settings.
• Other settings in lib/support/.

Configuration procedures can require users to edit configuration files, reconfigure GitLab, or restart GitLab. Use these styles to document these steps, replacing PATH/TO with the appropriate path:

**For Omnibus installations**

1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:

   ```ruby
   external_url "https://gitlab.example.com"
   ```

1. Save the file and [reconfigure](PATH/TO/administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure)
   GitLab for the changes to take effect.

---

**For installations from source**

1. Edit `config/gitlab.yml`:

   ```yaml
   gitlab:
     host: "gitlab.example.com"
   ```

1. Save the file and [restart](PATH/TO/administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source)
   GitLab for the changes to take effect.

In this case:

• Bold the installation method's name.
• Separate the methods with three dashes (---) to create a horizontal line.
• Indent the code blocks to line up with the list item they belong to..
• Use the appropriate syntax highlighting for each code block.
• Use the GitLab Restart section to explain any required restart or reconfigure of GitLab.

Feature flags

Learn how to document features deployed behind flags. For guidance on developing GitLab with feature flags, see Feature flags in development of GitLab.